Rape Subject Essay Sample free essay sample

Assault Assault has been characterized and reclassified over the mature ages to suit the modifying requests of arranged social orders. The Torahs refering the rudeness of colza are shifted over the Earth which may rely upon the imposts and accepts of the social orders. These Torahs continue being changed with cut with add-on of new develops and dismissing of the old and uneffective statute builds. In Mexico. Assault can just be taken to plan sex without assent yet it has changed to influence the demonstration of a constrained invasion of any substantial opening ( vaginally. anally. or then again orally ) or constrained cunillingous. influencing crime of the survivor’s natural structure and mental person. By and large. colza is comprehended as an encounter of crime. degradation. what's more, embarrassment where one individual powers another to hold sex against that person. Most specialists accept that the essential driver colza is a forceful want to administer the person in question and destruct their soul. We will compose a custom article test on Assault Subject Essay Sample or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the United States. there is no national colza law thus every region has its ain Torahs refering sexual animosity. New Mexico in impossible to miss has its ain Torahs unreasonably which incorporate life detainments for the people blameworthy of the offense after nearby lawful channels are depleted. There are authoritative demonstrations of limitation for indicting colza and additionally rape in New Mexico. The impudence of condemnable sexual attack in the principal evaluation might be arraigned at any clasp. The inconsiderateness of condemnable sexual attack in the second grade must be indicted inside six mature ages of its council. The rudeness of condemnable sexual invasion in the third and fourth grades must be arraigned inside five mature ages of its advisory group. In the recorded regular law. colza was characterized as creature cognizance of a grown-up female without wanting to. with no interest for power. The piece of colza may hold been comprehended as lack of assent. rather than use of power. â€Å"The offense of colza has been rebuffed from the beginning of time. yet, it was customarily an offense against the legitimate inclusions of male guardians and hubbies. For delineation. Mosaic Law systematized the privileges of a male parent over his young lady as effects. The colza of a young lady. especially a virgin young lady. was seen as burglary from the male parent since it brought down her financial incentive for marriage. Since Biblical law requested fornicators be stoned to perish. a case of colza by a wedded grown-up female was regularly seen as a justification to abstain from executing for adultery† Knies J. S. 2007. This shows verifiably. a casualty of colza had weight to turn out that non simply did she challenge bounty however adjacent to bounty power was utilized in order to change over her cynics that she is expressing reality. Customary rudeness of colza required apt proof of five components ; invasion. power and restriction. nonconsensual. nonappearance of a spousal relationship and a reprehensible area of head ( work powers rea ) . Similarly far as attack is concerned. the demonstration of colza as generally depicted as creature perception requires sex which infers some attack ( in any case slight ) of the phallus into the vagina and contribution is non needfully required. It consequently implies that colza was sex explicit ( just a grown-up female could be assaulted ) and was inadmissible to numerous genuine sexual abuses. for example, buggery. A colza solid conviction requires evidence that the sexual demonstration was submitted forcibly and against the desire of the person in question. In this way there must be both power and a lack of assent with the exception of in occurrences where the grown-up female was oblivious. was intellectually inadequate. or on the other hand gave her assent under certain affectations for representation if a grown-up male made bogus guarantees of marriage. he could be indicted for enchantment however non violate. Non consensual intercourse without power was non a rudeness at all and pressure request could be met just by Acts of the Apostless or threats of physical power of which the casualty needed to turn out. Nonappearance of safe was accepted that the casualty openly decided to consent. The courts necessitated that the casualty oppose to the furthest ; battle her aggressor in any event, when that reaction could open her to extraordinary risk. In regard to nonconsent. it is accepted that in any event, when a suspect has utilized power. his sexual conduct is non violate if the offended party assented since the demonstration must be without wanting to. This agree would in general advance a point of convergence on the complainant’s territory of head. what's more, grounds of her front sexual experience was utilized to hint that she needed to hold sex. There was the wedding opportunity where there was nil as colza in regard to oblige intercourse no undertaking how much power was utilized when the casualty was the hitched lady of the offender. What's more, in add-on to turn excursion power and nonconsent. the indictment must turn out. likewise with any rudeness. that the suspect had a culpable region of head. In the current height. the recorded regular law has been changed in New Mexico to see condition of affairss of a grown-up female and her hubby. day of the month colza what's more fortunes of a male by another male in add-on to different components that establish the offense of colza, for example, creature comprehension. power or tormenting and the board of the demonstration without the assent. or on the other hand against the will. of the grown-up female or the grown-up male. It other than incorporates attack by different articles other than the phallus furthermore invasion of different pieces of the natural structure like the oral pit or butt. The components of the offense have enormously changed from chronicled regular statute to current area height. There has been neglecting of the term colza to use the unbiased term, for example, sexual battery to delineate the impudence since work powers and grown-up females have gone under the meaning of colza and both genders can be casualties of colza. The customary invasion of phallus into vagina has been elucidated to incorporate much different items entered in some other pieces of the natural structure. Current administrative acts ordinarily rebuff as colza the physical attack. by any article. of a woman’s oral pit. butt. or then again vagina. furthermore, most colza rules apply to attack of a male casualty each piece great dissimilar to in like manner law where invasion is by penis simply and into vagina. Power is not, at this point an interest however just a factor that irritates the disagreeableness of the impudence. A hubby forcing sex on his wedded lady or a wedded lady pressuring sex on her hubby was non considered as colza since the grown-up female or grown-up male ( for specific plans ) was non viewed as a different legitimate element with the privilege of refusal. or on the other hand here and there was esteemed to hold given propelled agree to a long lasting sexual relationship through the pre-marriage ceremony pledges. New Mexico offense Torahs have administered against this prohibition. Changes have happened over clasp as need for adjustment of the law expanded. Work power have been survivors of colza. rapers have utilized items to puncture on certain pieces of the natural structure of their casualties. male childs and youthful children have been attacked and grown-up females and work powers have been exposed to violate by their accomplices subsequently the interest for Torahs to suit all the occurrences. The general public should be liberated from any signifier of sexual torment thus interest for farther convenience of Torahs refering sexual abuse. Facial looks or glancing in a mode to propose sex to individual who does non acknowledge could be remembered for the Torahs. Assent can be disavowed in the mid-demonstration ; this implies a grown-up male can be accused of colza in the event that he overlooks a woman’s calls to stop regardless of whether she had prior agreed. When all is said in done. colza is characterized truly as an offense of forcing individual into sexual action. in impossible to miss sexual attack. without wanting to through use of physical power. hazard of hurt. or then again different pressure. It is other than considered colza if the casualty can't state â€Å"no† to intercourse. because of the impacts of medications or intoxicant or is under the lawful period of assent. It is an extremely genuine criminal impudence which is severely culpable to the court of law. Criminal Torahs are changing with clasp and all classs of individuals in New Mexico have fitted in the society’s thought of what establishes the impoliteness of colza and what does non. Notice:

English Language Arts 11th grade Flashcard

English Language Arts eleventh grade

The Eruption of Toba

Presentation The biggest volcanic blast in the late Pleistocene happened in Lake Toba, roughly 72,500 (+-3000) years back. The super emission of Toba has pulled in a great deal of logical offensiveness because of different reasons. When seen from space, the caldera is seen as one of the greatest volcanic holes on earth, since it quantifies over 100km.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Eruption of Toba explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the lofty was of the caldera is lake Toba. This lake is said to be the biggest volcanic lake on earth. Different researchers including Gasparotto, Spadaforab, Summac, Tateoc, Spadafora and Summa (567) and Jones, Gregory and Stott (725) sugest that the emission brought about a huge volcanic winter that caused a human populace bottleneck. Super-volcanoes are titanic ejections that are alluded to as super-emissions, and they change from different calamities like tidal waves or tremors since their ecologi cal results compromise worldwide human advancement (Buhring and Sarnthein 277). These super emissions are known to happen once in around 500,000 years, similar to the biggest Yellowstone ejection in the USA, or the Toba emission in Indonesia. Figure 1: Distribution of volcanic debris from the 73 ka Toba super-emission indicating area of marine centers and segments inspected in India According to Ninkovich, Sparks and Ledbetter (5), super-ejections happen in zones of the earth where the structural plates impact. Ambrose, Williams and Chattopadhyaya (167) additionally recommend that super-ejections can happen in regions where hot material wells up from the profound earth inside underneath a continent.Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on geology? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More According to Williams and Clarke (633), there are numerous areas on earth that are associated with volcanic movement, similar to Andes and Ja pan. A reason for concern is the area of super-volcanoes inside or close to landmasses, which impies that these vents are arranged in territories that have swarmed populaces (Lang, Leuenberger Schwander 934). This paper takes a gander at the eological setting of Toba, with an end goal to comprehend the super ejection and its plausible impacts. In doing this, this investigation seekd to validat that the ejection brought about the putative bottleneck. Table 1: Particle size dispersion of the YTT debris at the Rehi area, Son valley, India. Topographical Setting of Toba is situated in western Indonesia, in the island of Sumatra, in the north territory. It is found in the Barisan Mountains as appeared in figure 1. Fig. 2: Tectonic setting and area map (inset) of the Toba Caldera. Structural guide altered from Simkin et al. (2006).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on The Eruption of Toba explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More These mountains contai n transformative rocks, Quaternary volcanic and Miocene sedimentary rocks (Ambrose 274). De Silva (671) proposes that Indian-Austrlain plate situated underneath the mainland Eurasisn represses a the pace of aproximately 5.5cm.year, towards the Sunda channel, which has brought about the development of a functioning volcanic (Gathorne-Hardy and Harcourt-Smith 228). Sadler and Grattan (186) propose that the covering is around 30 to 39 km thick under Toba, with a noticeable profundity of around 125 km (De Silva 671). This means that a 30 degrees subduction edge, which has caused the development of two equal blames that lie between the channel and vulcanic circular segment. One of the flaws, the vertical Sumatran, denotes the fringe between the Eurasian plate and a large portion of the Volcanic curve and fore circular segment bowl on the north east and south west separately. The other deficiency, Mentawai, structures the division between the fore circular segment bowl and the fore bend a ccretionary sridge complex in the southwest heading (Erwin Vogel 894). As per Westgate, Shane and Pearce there is a dxtral uprooting aong the Sumatran Fault. The relocation reaches out for around 150 km. It is alluded to as the Investogator Ridge Fracture Zon (IFZ), with a subduction that is legitimately nelow Toba. The aftereffects of a geometry assessemt of the subduction section underneath Toba by Chesner et. al. (201) recommend that there is a curve in the piece that agrees with Toba.Advertising Searching for examine paper on topography? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More The examination additionally indicated high seismicity along the subducted part of the IFZ, which proposes the likelihood of IFZ amassing unpredictable discharge into the mantle wedge underneath Toba (Chesner et. al 201). Figure 3: Bathymetric guide of Lake Toba. Profundity is spoken to by isochromes; 100 m shape lines are plotted for reference. The Toba Super ejection The single occasion of the Toba emission brought about a base magma ejection of 2,800 km. The greatness of the emission was noted as 8.8, which made it probably the biggest ejection in the Quaternary geologic period. The super emission caused an infusion of more than 1015 kg of fine debris into stratosphere, while the pyroclastic streams stretched out for a zone of roughly 105 km2 with magma arriving at both the Malacca waterways and the Indian Ocean. Kelly, Jones and Pengqun (550) recommend that there are layers of tephra in India, at an area that is more than 3000 km away from Toba. The ignimbrite stretched out start ing with one coast then onto the next, making a wide zone of the North Sumatra be suffocated. In addition, there was a vaporized cloud and residue cloud that secured the globe. The potential impacts of the destructive emission incorporate the absolute demolition of both vegetation in North Sumatra by the ignimbrite, significant consequences for verdure by debris fall in Southeast Asia, just as, the local or worldwide change in temperature and consequences for the earth. The Toba Catastrophist Theory The Toba disaster hypothesis recommends that the super-emission brought about the populace decrease. Researchers recommend that the super-emission is the most noticeably terrible catastrophe that people have ever been confronted. The well of lava ejection in Toba brought about the depletion of a lot of fine debris and vaporizers into the climates. The ejection of these exhaust is contrasted with atomic winter circumstances (Samuel, Harbury, Bakri, Banner Hartono 350), since the worldwide land temperatures fell by 5-15 degrees Celsius, and the outside of the sea, and other low heights, cooled by 2-6 degrees Celsius. This situation is thought to have drawn out for quite a long while. Accordingly, the determination of residue in the air for a long time or so may have brought about a cooling of the atmosphere (Pattan, Shane Banakar 244). This climatic change is however to have stretched out for quite a few years, because of the climatic criticisms, for example, expanded snow spread and ocean ice, bringing about less sun oriented radiation coming to the earth’s surface. Thus, the earth’s temperature stayed low since the ground and environment were not warmed up. Scientists recommend that the human populace confronted a bottleneck during this period, because of the quick decrease in the quantity of females by around 500, in a populace that was idea to have just 4000 people (Hawks, Hunley, Lee Wolpoff 18). Information recommends that the ejection caused a to p in sulfur airborne levels in the GISPs ice center, notwithstanding the worldwide climatic change. As indicated by ice center information, the climate was cooler for a few centuries after the emission of Toba. In view of the evaluations, the Toba ejection brought about the close to eradication of present day people. Ambrose, Williams and Chattopadhyaya recommend that this prompted the human populace, however Oppenheimer (1593) gives an elective theory, contending that the Toba super-ejection didn't significantly affect human presence. Oppenheimer (1593) recommends that people ought not have been the main ones confronting end. As indicated by Rose and Chesner (913), the Toba prompted winter ought to have brought about a natural calamity bringing about a populace crash of progressively particular biological verdure, making them be wiped out, along these lines that it influenced human populace. On the side of this thought, Gates and Ritchie recommend that the Toba super-emission didn' t prompt the eradication of any vertebrate. In adtion to this, concentrates by Gathorne-Hardy and Harcourt-Smith (228), on the impacts of super-emissions on widely varied vegetation propose that they don't bring about mass eliminations, which dislikes the Toba disaster hypothesis. As indicated by Gasparotto, Spadafora and Summa (569), a bottleneck in human populaces would have expected the state of an hour glass, making the human populace crash at 73.5 Ka and afterward extend again later. As per Schulz, Emeis and Erlenkeuser (22), the investigations on human genome that dissect atomic arrangements propose that the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA bolster the presence of a bottleneck. Subsequently, Robock, Ammann and Oman (114) bolster the chance of a bottleneck, however they raise worries about when the bottleneck is relied upon to have happened. Some exploration proposes that the wonders happened more than 2 million years prior (Petraglia, Clarkson and Ditchfield 114), while diff erent scientists give proof of an extensive stretch of balance that was trailed by a populace development around 75,000 years back. The various sentiments with respect to the bottleneck contrast on the planning of the occasion, which raises worries regarding whether it was brought about by the super-ejection at Toba. Contrasts likewise emerge dependent on the state of the bottleneck, as far as an hourglass model or a short jug with a long neck. The hourglass model recommends a brief time of human populace decline, trailed by an extension, while the long neck time frame demonstrates a proonged time of winter, and low populace thickness (Rampino and Ambrose 274). Be that as it may, the

Difficulties Facing International Students in the US - 1650 Words

Difficulties Facing International Students in the US (Research Paper Sample) Content: DIFFICULTIES FACING INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UNITED STATESStudents NameCourse NameDate Due Chapter Two: Literature Review Cross-cultural adjustment is the procedure in which individuals positively or negatively interact to a new environment. Its a combination of extreme psychological pressure and uncertainty that faces students when studying abroad. It gets to be tense when the country is very different from the place where the student grew up throughout his life. It can be seen in foreign students, immigrants and refugee. Out of all the terms that describe this adjustment the anthropologist Kalervo Oberg in 1954 described it as culture shock: a sense of loss and isolation for those who travel to a new country that have new customs, traditions, law and atmosphere. Prior to these shock students are aware of the new culture and what it is like from media or social networks. This research may mentally prepare them for the shock but it does not prevent them from goin g through the stages of the cultural shock. Whatever can be said about this phenomenon, most agreed that it is a natural phenomenon. It is not a mental disorder or psychological syndrome. It occurs regardless of location or cultural background. It can have the same intensity and sometimes less when there is similarity between the two places such as United Kingdom and United States. It is known that this phenomenon occurs among people who travel to a distant country for the purpose of work or study, and may occur to those who travel for tourism as well. Some believe that culture shock affects students coming from developing nations this is not true, it also effects native students when they apply for university away from their comfort zone.Hirai, Reiko, Frazier, Patricia Moin Syed (2015) mentioned theorized courses of international student adjustment that follows certain models. One domain model is recuperation model or the U-curve theory. The shock from interacting with certain cul ture aspect psychological recovery follows; this model cares about mental health and well-being. The second model is socio - cultural adjustment model which focuses on learning from behavior and the ongoing social communication on daily basis. Most studies showed that U-curve theory of adjustment is vague and has some flaws. A study applied U-curve pattern of adjustment over 6 months among international students and American students as stated in Hirai et al, (2015), it showed that both students were affected by academic calendar rather than the new cultural encounter. On the other hand, studies showed that international students have the lowest rank when it comes to socio cultural adjustment model especially at the beginning. They intend to isolate themselves from American students, and show interest in international students. Most of their relationships are superficial. This starts to break-off the longer they stay aboard.In foreign countries, the teachers and professors typicall y dress formally and in turn require their students to do the same while they are in class but for American schools some professors are informal in their dressing and even sit on desk, are very creative, interactive and flexible which to may international students is an approach which very uncommon to them (Ladd and Ruby, 1999). Therefore to be successful in American classrooms, international students may be required to change from their more formal cultures and lectures as used in their countries to learn in a more interactive , critical thinking, problem solving and resource skill environment which are often common in the united states. Cross-cultural adjustment is a complex process, and one model is likely insufficient to describe it (Anderson, 1994; Kim, 2001). Indeed, the Wang et al. (2012) study documented heterogeneity in the course of psychological distress in the first year of sojourn. From a practical perspective, both international students and the universities that serve them need information about what to expect regarding how the adjustment process unfolds over time. It is better when studying changes that international students experience to consider these models but not to follow any of these given models. Its limited and it doesnt give accurate and realistic picture of individual differences. It only highlights physiological and social aspects.Students who move to the United States for studies normally have very high abilities but it is interesting that when they reach there, they are sometimes faced with some serious challenges when it comes to sustaining their prior good performances. Some of the difficulties include taking tests, following a given set of curriculum ad registering, reading materials for their courses besides understanding the grading system in America (Leong and Sedlacek, 1989).Language Challenges It is noted that students who chose to take their studies in the United States often are the brightest from their countries origin and they are the most motivated but they may not have the required proficiency in English which is a problem for most international students (Wan, 1999). For instance the type of English in china puts more emphasis on writing that on speaking and as a result several students from china in the United States know more of grammar and vocabulary, having difficult time with conversational type of English. Such students therefore have difficulties with answering questions, answering essays and verbal communication. More difficulty is noted understanding lectures, taking part in their class discussions, taking class notes, writing papers, American accent, and understanding American slangs and jokes. In academic life, such difficulties lead to academic stress in their classrooms especially when they communicate and participation are encouraged by their professors. Non European graduate students also encounter academic problems (Sharma, 1973). Such academic problems include making oral rep orts, taking class notes, involvement in class discussions, understanding lectures, as well as taking appropriate courses for their studies and preparing reports. Besides the academic stress caused by limited conversational skills, several of these students have challenges with regard to instructional methods in American college classrooms. At graduate level of studies in America, class participation is expected and emphasized but it can be very stressful for students who originate from Asia, the Middle East and from Africa who normally sit attentively in class and take notes as they listen to their professors. It is pointed out in Wan (1999) that it is respectful to listen attentively to professors but in America, students are allowed by their teachers to eat and drink in class with student participation in lesson well encouraged and sometimes can be part of grading. International foreign students are also expected to adjust to the accents of their teachers as well as the teaching styles and in the same way they may be hesitant with regard to class participation and discussions when they not clearly understand the lectures (Alias, 2013). The tone of the professor and the appropriateness to responses can also be a difficult for instance a student may not really know how to respond to questions they have not been asked before. It is suggested in Payind study of academic, personal and social problems involving Iranian and afghan students who are found in the United States, several problems like completion of examinations in the same time length like American students, improving English to necessary academic required standard, communication of their thoughts in English language, presentation of oral reports, notes taking, writing reports besides competing for high grades with American students. Therefore Payind (1979) concludes that limited proficiency coupled with limited English language as well differences in the systems of education between home countries an d that of the United States play an inconveniencing role greatly. Pedagogy and Learning Expectations Styles of pedagogy as well as learning expectations are known to differ in America students home countries (Andrade, 2006). For example students from Asian cultures are familiar with lecture instruction method (Harris, 1995) yet in America there is independent, interactions, class discussions, self directed learning, asking questions as well as critical analytical learning. There could be need and desire to adapt to the changes but this could be onerous for international students who are familiar with backgrounds which base on passive learning with respect to authority where challenges and criticisms are not tolerated (Tedman et al., 2011). Therefore international students may have more difficulties than asking questions to understanding questions, knowing what and when to ask and the approach of which (Ellis et al., 2005). This is not to mention the mechanisms of assessment which ma y not only be problematic but discriminative against international students learning styles (Harris, 1995). Institutions therefore may find it important to develop different mechanisms of assessment in order to support international students. Concerns of Curricular Some studies have indicated a cultural bias against international students which almost very visible with western curricular besides the absence of interest displayed by some instructors (Arthur, 2004). Several students indicate course content which in most cases is North American oriented yet class texts are problematic (Chen, 2006). But for humanities, science, social sciences as well as engineering some students are not negative to their courses and the content therein because some of them are universal. Despite all these challenges in American colleges, there are studies which indicate faculty members have not prioritized social, cultural or aca... Difficulties Facing International Students in the US - 1650 Words Difficulties Facing International Students in the US (Research Paper Sample) Content: DIFFICULTIES FACING INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS IN THE UNITED STATESStudents NameCourse NameDate Due Chapter Two: Literature Review Cross-cultural adjustment is the procedure in which individuals positively or negatively interact to a new environment. Its a combination of extreme psychological pressure and uncertainty that faces students when studying abroad. It gets to be tense when the country is very different from the place where the student grew up throughout his life. It can be seen in foreign students, immigrants and refugee. Out of all the terms that describe this adjustment the anthropologist Kalervo Oberg in 1954 described it as culture shock: a sense of loss and isolation for those who travel to a new country that have new customs, traditions, law and atmosphere. Prior to these shock students are aware of the new culture and what it is like from media or social networks. This research may mentally prepare them for the shock but it does not prevent them from goin g through the stages of the cultural shock. Whatever can be said about this phenomenon, most agreed that it is a natural phenomenon. It is not a mental disorder or psychological syndrome. It occurs regardless of location or cultural background. It can have the same intensity and sometimes less when there is similarity between the two places such as United Kingdom and United States. It is known that this phenomenon occurs among people who travel to a distant country for the purpose of work or study, and may occur to those who travel for tourism as well. Some believe that culture shock affects students coming from developing nations this is not true, it also effects native students when they apply for university away from their comfort zone.Hirai, Reiko, Frazier, Patricia Moin Syed (2015) mentioned theorized courses of international student adjustment that follows certain models. One domain model is recuperation model or the U-curve theory. The shock from interacting with certain cul ture aspect psychological recovery follows; this model cares about mental health and well-being. The second model is socio - cultural adjustment model which focuses on learning from behavior and the ongoing social communication on daily basis. Most studies showed that U-curve theory of adjustment is vague and has some flaws. A study applied U-curve pattern of adjustment over 6 months among international students and American students as stated in Hirai et al, (2015), it showed that both students were affected by academic calendar rather than the new cultural encounter. On the other hand, studies showed that international students have the lowest rank when it comes to socio cultural adjustment model especially at the beginning. They intend to isolate themselves from American students, and show interest in international students. Most of their relationships are superficial. This starts to break-off the longer they stay aboard.In foreign countries, the teachers and professors typicall y dress formally and in turn require their students to do the same while they are in class but for American schools some professors are informal in their dressing and even sit on desk, are very creative, interactive and flexible which to may international students is an approach which very uncommon to them (Ladd and Ruby, 1999). Therefore to be successful in American classrooms, international students may be required to change from their more formal cultures and lectures as used in their countries to learn in a more interactive , critical thinking, problem solving and resource skill environment which are often common in the united states. Cross-cultural adjustment is a complex process, and one model is likely insufficient to describe it (Anderson, 1994; Kim, 2001). Indeed, the Wang et al. (2012) study documented heterogeneity in the course of psychological distress in the first year of sojourn. From a practical perspective, both international students and the universities that serve them need information about what to expect regarding how the adjustment process unfolds over time. It is better when studying changes that international students experience to consider these models but not to follow any of these given models. Its limited and it doesnt give accurate and realistic picture of individual differences. It only highlights physiological and social aspects.Students who move to the United States for studies normally have very high abilities but it is interesting that when they reach there, they are sometimes faced with some serious challenges when it comes to sustaining their prior good performances. Some of the difficulties include taking tests, following a given set of curriculum ad registering, reading materials for their courses besides understanding the grading system in America (Leong and Sedlacek, 1989).Language Challenges It is noted that students who chose to take their studies in the United States often are the brightest from their countries origin and they are the most motivated but they may not have the required proficiency in English which is a problem for most international students (Wan, 1999). For instance the type of English in china puts more emphasis on writing that on speaking and as a result several students from china in the United States know more of grammar and vocabulary, having difficult time with conversational type of English. Such students therefore have difficulties with answering questions, answering essays and verbal communication. More difficulty is noted understanding lectures, taking part in their class discussions, taking class notes, writing papers, American accent, and understanding American slangs and jokes. In academic life, such difficulties lead to academic stress in their classrooms especially when they communicate and participation are encouraged by their professors. Non European graduate students also encounter academic problems (Sharma, 1973). Such academic problems include making oral rep orts, taking class notes, involvement in class discussions, understanding lectures, as well as taking appropriate courses for their studies and preparing reports. Besides the academic stress caused by limited conversational skills, several of these students have challenges with regard to instructional methods in American college classrooms. At graduate level of studies in America, class participation is expected and emphasized but it can be very stressful for students who originate from Asia, the Middle East and from Africa who normally sit attentively in class and take notes as they listen to their professors. It is pointed out in Wan (1999) that it is respectful to listen attentively to professors but in America, students are allowed by their teachers to eat and drink in class with student participation in lesson well encouraged and sometimes can be part of grading. International foreign students are also expected to adjust to the accents of their teachers as well as the teaching styles and in the same way they may be hesitant with regard to class participation and discussions when they not clearly understand the lectures (Alias, 2013). The tone of the professor and the appropriateness to responses can also be a difficult for instance a student may not really know how to respond to questions they have not been asked before. It is suggested in Payind study of academic, personal and social problems involving Iranian and afghan students who are found in the United States, several problems like completion of examinations in the same time length like American students, improving English to necessary academic required standard, communication of their thoughts in English language, presentation of oral reports, notes taking, writing reports besides competing for high grades with American students. Therefore Payind (1979) concludes that limited proficiency coupled with limited English language as well differences in the systems of education between home countries an d that of the United States play an inconveniencing role greatly. Pedagogy and Learning Expectations Styles of pedagogy as well as learning expectations are known to differ in America students home countries (Andrade, 2006). For example students from Asian cultures are familiar with lecture instruction method (Harris, 1995) yet in America there is independent, interactions, class discussions, self directed learning, asking questions as well as critical analytical learning. There could be need and desire to adapt to the changes but this could be onerous for international students who are familiar with backgrounds which base on passive learning with respect to authority where challenges and criticisms are not tolerated (Tedman et al., 2011). Therefore international students may have more difficulties than asking questions to understanding questions, knowing what and when to ask and the approach of which (Ellis et al., 2005). This is not to mention the mechanisms of assessment which ma y not only be problematic but discriminative against international students learning styles (Harris, 1995). Institutions therefore may find it important to develop different mechanisms of assessment in order to support international students. Concerns of Curricular Some studies have indicated a cultural bias against international students which almost very visible with western curricular besides the absence of interest displayed by some instructors (Arthur, 2004). Several students indicate course content which in most cases is North American oriented yet class texts are problematic (Chen, 2006). But for humanities, science, social sciences as well as engineering some students are not negative to their courses and the content therein because some of them are universal. Despite all these challenges in American colleges, there are studies which indicate faculty members have not prioritized social, cultural or aca...

The Way of the Warrior Bushido - 1198 Words

Introduction The term ‘Bushido’ has over the years developed from the traditional translation of ‘the Way of the Warrior’ towards the more modern notion of a â€Å"national spirit of Japan, especially the military spirit.† This paper will analyse the impacts that various religious traditions such as Shintoism, Buddhism and Confucianism have had on shaping the classical ideals of the bushido code and the influences that the bushido code played on the actions of the kamikaze fighter pilots during World War II. Impacts of Confucianism on Bushido Confucianism’s major impacts on the bushido code have come from its ethical teachings, primarily those from the Five Relations. Historians suggest that Confucianism was introduced into Japan via merchants who travelled across the East China Sea from neighbouring Korea and China as early as the 4th century AD. If this view is accepted it would make Confucianism one of the earliest foreign religions introduced into Japan thus playing an imperative role in shaping Japanese ideology. The Five Relations sets out the appropriate behaviour one must show to his superiors. This includes: that a vassal must show his master loyalty, a child must show his parent respect, a wife must show her husband affection, a younger sibling must show his older sibling precedence and friends should treat each other with honesty. The teachings of the Five Relations can be witnessed in many aspects of the bushido code. One example is the Lord-Vassal andShow MoreRelated The Samurai and the Bushido Code Essay1016 Words   |  5 Pages The samurai were à ©lite warriors in Japan during the 1200’s to the early 1700’s. Fifth century Japan saw conflicts with Korea and China, but Japan had a very untrained army, with a clumsy Calvary, and poor infantry men (Blumberg 1). The reason was that horses were seen as a burden and were never bred to be strong, fast, and large for war purposes (Blumberg 2). In the 6th and 9th centuries, a series of rebellions in Japan began from the Emis hi people of the northern home islands; these country peopleRead More The Samurai: Warrior and Ruler of Ancient Japan Essay1289 Words   |  6 Pages The Samurai: Warrior and Ruler of Ancient Japan Few countries have a warrior tradition as long and exciting as Japan. It is a tradition found in the Samurai, the loyal and self-sacrificing knight of ancient Japan. The Samurai is a valiant warrior who can both appreciate the beauty of nature in that of a rose blossom but will also kill or die for his master in an instant. This well-rounded warrior was the ruling class of Japan for almost seven hundred years. 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These virtues include Rectitude, courage, benevolence, politeness, honesty, honor, loyalty, and character. Any failure to follow these virtues resulted in the need to commit seppuku or Hara-kiri, which was honorable

The Professional Baseball Association Selected Victoria...

STATEMENT OF THE CASE In March 2013, the Professional Baseball Association selected Victoria City, Victoria (â€Å"Victoria City†) to host the league’s 2015 All-Star Game (â€Å"All-Star Game†). R. 2. The Victoria City Board of Supervisors (â€Å"Board†) and the Association agreed that the game would be held on July 14, 2015. R. 2. The game would be held at Cadbury Park, a stadium in the Starwood Park neighborhood in the downtown area of Victoria City. R. 2. Public Outcry Gang activity is a prevalent problem in the Starwood Park area. R. 2. The area is controlled by two rival gangs: Starwood Homeboyz and 707 Hermanos. R. 2. These gangs engage in a variety of illegal activities but their most profitable venture is human trafficking. R. 2. Gangs in the area are estimated to control up to 1,500 conscripted sex workers, many of which are likely children. R. 2. Gangs have found that they can make more from pimping while taking on less risk. R. 2. These groups use hard to monitor webpages like backpage.com to advertise, which police have a difficult time tracking. R. 2. City officials expected the All-Star Game would draw tens of thousands of visitors to Starwood Park. R. 2. Citizen groups quickly raised concerns that the game would cause more human trafficking activity in the neighborhood. R. 2. They argued that other cities experienced large increases in sex trafficking when large sporting events were hosted in their cities. R. 2. Public Ordinance 1923 In response toShow MoreRelatedtransformational leaders in sports9224 Words   |  37 Pagesof Minnesota, Pittsburgh Steelers, Kansas City Chiefs, and Minnesota Vikings. Before becoming a coach, Dungy played three seasons in the NFL. Dungy has been involved in a wide variety of charitable organizations, including the Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Athletes in Action, Mentors for Life, Big Brothers Big Sisters, Boys Girls Clubs, the Prison Crusade Ministry, and All Pro Dad. 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What Are the Risks of an Extended Supply Chain free essay sample

What are the risks of an extended supply chain? In order to remain competitive, a company must offer superior quality goods or services at the lowest prices possible. Supply chain enables a company to reduce the cost while increasing the efficiency. However, there are risks that are associated with such benefits. These issues should be properly addressed when a company is trying to rely heavily on supply chain management in order to stay competitive within its industry. A company is exposed to risk by sharing confidential information to its vendors. For example, Apple recently reported that arts and specs for both the iPhone 5 and the iPad mini leaked out well before their release dates. Apple accused its vendors for information leak. â€Å"Apple’s security practices are targeted marking sure US employees don’t leak stuff, but everything comes out from China now. † A company is held accountable for its vendors being socially responsible. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Risks of an Extended Supply Chain? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This includes making sure that vendors do not employ minors. For example, Nestle’s cocoa supplier, Ivory Coast, failed to pass the Fair Labor Association’s inspection because it employed children to process cocoa. Nestle’s held accountable for Ivory Coast’s violation of FLA, it will seriously damage the company’s image as well as its profits. While a proper supply chain management produces cost effective products, there is a setback as it is difficult to quality control products that a vendor produces from oversea. For example, in 2007, Toys R Us vendor Mattel produced 83 products containing lead based paint, which is hazardous to health. Consequently, Toys R Us had to recall 967,000 affected toys from reaching consumers. A natural disaster or political instability of a vendor’s country could affect a company’s operation. For example, Dallas-based Texas Instruments said late Monday that it had suffered substantial damage to its production plant in Miho, Japan and slight damage to its Aizu-wakamatsu plant. Both facilities are located north of Tokyo in the areas most affected by the disaster. The company makes silicon wafers at its Miho plant, which are the thin pieces of silicon glass used to manufacture microchips. In conclusion, for those companies that rely heavily on extended supply chain management to remain lucrative should consider the following strategies to avoid the risks mentioned above. First, a company should have more flexibility. Flexibility, in this context, means that a company should incorporate a vendor-auditing program to make sure that it is meeting your standard. Second, a company should only share non-confidential information to its vendors to prevent them from compromising vital information. Lastly, a company should have multiple vendors to run a project in case one vendor fails to complete the project on timely manner. These are the key preventive strategy to avoid or mitigate the risks of a supply chain management.

The Color Purple Essays (1818 words) - Literature, Film, Fiction

The Color Purple Wilson, 1 Katie Wilson Ms. Allen English 11, 3 10 June 2000 The Color Purple Change over time was a theory that was first realized by the Greeks and, only thousands of years later, accepted as fact. As time goes by, things change. And this change is never more evident than in human growth and development. But what is it that causes human metamorphosis to occur? Oftentimes, the change comes from within, simply the innate desire to improve oneself. Other times, the transformation is directly the result of outside influences; such as a significant event or inspiration from respected individuals and role models. The latter is the case in Alice Walker's The Color Purple. In this novel, Walker uses the influence of other strong female characters to act as catalysts on Celie's journey of self-discovery. Inspired by Sophia, Celie is able to establish her independence from her abusive husband. Celie knows she is controlled by Mr.___ and acknowledges this when she think ?bout how every time (she) jump when Mr.___ call (her)? (Purple, 38). Celie's weakness is justified, considering that male domination is a constant in her life. Passed from one chauvinistic man to another, women in subordinate roles is all she knows and can relate to. As put by critic Donna Wilson, 2 Winchell, ?At first fighting back does not even seem an option, survival seems the best she can hope for, in this world at least? (86). However, witnessing the relationship between her son-in-law Harpo and his wife Sophia brings Celie to the realization that such abuse is not necessary and instills in her the desire to stand up for herself. This is evident in Celie's envy of Sophia's strength towards Harpo; ?I say it because I'm jealous of you. I say it because you do what I can't? (Purple, 42). Celie longs for the courage she finds in Sophia. Years of abuse has made her feel that she cannot assert her own independence, and that she is powerless against her husband's controlling ways. This desire to improve, coupled with the encouragement of Sophia, moves Celie to assert herself. Sophia persuades Celie to stand up for herself; ?You ought to bash Mr.___ head open, she say. Think about heaven later? (Purple, 44). She emphasizes to Celie that she needs to start caring about the life she is presently living. Sophia tries to make her realize that she doesn't have to put up with the way Mr.___ treats her. And, finally, Celie is able to find it within herself to leave Mr.___; ?You a lowdown dog is what is wrong, I say. It's time to leave you and enter creation. And your dead body is just the welcome mat I need? (Purple, 207). The opposition Celie exhibits is the first time she directly stands up for herself. Her defiance shows that she realizes that Mr.___'s treatment of her is inappropriate, and she is no longer willing to put up with such abuse. She finally Wilson, 3 finds the confidence and power to take the first step to break away from the restraints of her old life and start over on her own. Celie's ability eventually to stand up and leave Mr.___ is also due in part to her ?discovering a definition of God that is large enough to encompass even the poor, ugly black woman that she feels herself to be? (Winchell, 86). This growth is initiated by ?the arrival of Shug, (which) is the final turning point in Celie's search for identity? (Barret). Love is noticeably absent from much of Celie's life. The men in her life have never lost an opportunity to remind her that she is worthless; ?But what you got? You ugly. You skinny. You shape funny. You too scared to open your mouth to people?You not that good a cook either? (Purple, 89). This kind of verbal abuse, attacks, not only on her physical appearance but also on her person, is an everyday part of Celie's life, leaving her with a minimal sense of self-worth. In addition, the only people that Celie has ever loved, her sister Nettie and her two children, are taken away from her. She is left only with her husband, who she feels little for except fear. Sex, usually

The decline of the Ottoman Mughal, and Safavid empires essays

The decline of the Ottoman Mughal, and Safavid empires essays The Ottoman, Mughal, and Safavid Empires were all very powerful empires for several centuries, but all of them declined and broke apart. But what led to this outcome? All three empires had their unique troubles, but some of the causes were similar. From the 17th through the 19th century, the Ottomans were at constant wars with Russia and Europe. The continuous warfare took its toll on its resources. There was also enormous corruption among Ottoman state officials. They forced the peasantry to pay unfair taxes, which led to serious peasant revolts. Succession was also a problem; in order to avoid civil war Sultans often killed or imprisoned their brothers. When the Portuguese reached Asia by a water route, they were able to control the trade routes, seriously undermining the revenue of the Ottoman Turks. The Empire failed to keep up with European technology, and often underestimated the Europeans, which led to its defeat at the Battle of Lepanto. After that, the Ottomans slowly declined and no longer held major power. The Empire was known as Europes sick man until it finally tumbled at the end of 19th century. The Safavid Empire in Persia fared no better. Abbas I became paranoid. He was fearful that his sons would seize the throne, so he either killed or blinded them. After he died, his weak grandson took over and the dynasty steadily went into decline. The following rulers just wanted lavishness and luxury, but did not rule their Empire well. Civil wars became more frequent, further weakening the dynasty. The Safavids fought exhausting wars on the East with the Mughals and on the West with the Ottomans. Finally the Afghans invaded Persia in 1722, and by 1736, the Safavid dynasty was finished. The Mughal army became technologically inferior. The bureaucracy became corrupt, and peoples living standard declined substantially. The Mughals had one last moment of glory with the reign of Aurangzeb, who ex...

The history and developmental advances of beta blockers Essay

The history and developmental advances of beta blockers - Essay Example Drugs exerting antagonistic effects at sympathetic nerve endings are called sympatholytics. Similarly the neurotransmitter of the Parasympathetic system is Acetyl choline. Drugs accordingly are called parasympathomimetics/lytics. Both these neurotransmitters exert their specific action by interacting with target cells on specialized cellular sites called receptors. The original concept of receptor sites was introduced independently by Ehrlich and Langley as early as the late nineteenth century. It is now well established that receptors are part of macromolecular complexes on effector cells with which drug molecules interact to produce effects. Isolation and characterization of receptors has been done by radioligand binding studies. The receptors of the sympathetic system have been broadly classified into ÃŽ ± and ÃŽ ² receptors with further sub classifications. Similarly the receptors of the parasympathetic system have been broadly classified as muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Me dical interventions have been designed during the course of research in therapy whereby either mimicking or antagonizing the role of these neurotransmitters has been exploited for beneficial effects. ÃŽ ² blockers are the drugs or molecules which block the action of Noradrenalin on the ÃŽ ² receptors which has a very specific role to play in maintaining physiological equilibrium in the body. ÃŽ ² receptors are present throughout specialized cells in the body and play important roles in physiological function. They are predominant in cardiac cells, small coronary vessels, smooth muscles like trachea, bronchi, blood vessels, intestines, vas deferens, liver, diaphragmatic striated muscles, uterus and non innervated tissues like erythrocytes, lymphocytes, mast cells and polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The type of ÃŽ ² receptors in different organs are

The value of liquid based cytology compared to conventional smear in Essay

The value of liquid based cytology compared to conventional smear in fine neddle aspiration of cytology - Essay Example Also termed as Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), it is a simple, quick and inexpensive method used to diagnose superficial surface masses, and is especially useful in sampling the accessible head and neck masses in outpatient department (Pilotti et al 1993). Masses located within the region of the head and neck, including salivary gland and thyroid gland, cervical masses and nodules, and intraoral lesions can be readily diagnosed using this technique. It is the procedure of choice in outpatient departments, especially for the lesion of head and neck. Some of such studies have been considered here to comprehend the differences and efficacies of each of the two techniques FNAC proves to be better than conventional smear in a number of ways. It is relatively safe since it is pretty much noninvasive when it comes to diagnosing malignancies, to which the only alternative before the advent of FNA was open excision biopsy. The most commonly encountered lesions in this area are lumps or swellings. The differential is important to rule out the malignancy, which is the most suspected diagnosis (Lee et al 1987, Skoog et al 2009). The technique is relatively easy to perform, fairly accurate and well tolerated by the patients. It is associated with low morbidity as it causes minimal suffering and carries next to no risk of complications. Its accuracy turns out to be the major reason for its preference over the conventional Pap smear. Numerous studies have been conducted in the area to analyze the advantages and pitfalls of both the techniques. The critical review below will outline various studies and help establish a view point about the two and reveal the superiority of FNAC. 1. Parfitt et al (2007) conducted a research to analyze the accuracy given by the two techniques. CS offers more accurate diagnosis more often. Accuracy offered by CS was 57% as compared to just 42% with that of thinprep. Thinprep has a higher

Management, Personal Relationship and Decision Making Essay Example for Free

Management, Personal Relationship and Decision Making Essay The concept of interpersonal relationships and management involves ideas, taught, and beliefs that are related with social association and affiliations which are employed as approached to marketing, operations, training, management and executive decision (Giddens, 2001). These taught and perceptions constitute different philosophies used by various organizations that create a harmonious place for members and personnel. These beliefs allow the organization’s business to improve. Business improves since personnel performances are able to maximize their potential because people are working perfectly as a team. It is no secret that in order for business to be successful, management plays a very important role (Virine, 2007). Thus, for business to prosper, philosophy in management should be carefully taken into consideration (Virine, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     In order to successfully manage an activity or personnel it is important that a manager is strong-willed, determined and possessed the â€Å"drive† needed to achieve the desired goal.   It is significant that a person should do a specific thing really well. In order to achieve this, a fine plan should be accomplished and when the plan is executed it is necessary that the plan is strictly followed. It is also important that the existing plan can adapt to changes that when problems are encountered, it can easily be resolved. Also in managing, it will be fitting to add that it is not enough that a person would know how to do things correctly, but it would be a welcome addition to recognize that a person knows how to things better.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   A person should understand and put into his mind that there are occasions when great just isn’t good enough. He should not settle for less instead strive and work harder to deliver and perform things way beyond what people have expected. He should not be satisfied by saying â€Å"this will already do† and â€Å"this is alright†. He should always work to be the best. Being the best should not be the endpoint that will mark the conclusion of a venture, but it should be a starting point of something that is great. Through sheer innovation one should take something that works, it could be ideas, or various products such as electric appliances, glassware or simple things like papers and plastics, then transform them and improve them to something that is really unexpected. A person should always try to work to achieve excellence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, in order to properly manage things there are other factors that should be taken into account. One major factor is inter-personal relationship. Relationship with others influences the way we manage things our everyday life (Kahneman, 2000). It is because of our relationship to our love ones that we strive to make things better. It is because of these people who are close to us and we hold dearly in our hearts that we struggle in order to create a better living condition. Because of them we â€Å"shoot for the stars† and aim for the best. Furthermore, our relationship in our workplace with fellow personnel and with the manager dictates the success or the failure of an activity. As mentioned before, it is important to achieve a working area that is surrounded by people which are friendly and are always prepared in lending help. Somehow, they can be your family that during the most challenging times in the work one would have somebody to lean on (Lauria, 1964). They would provide you support and the much needed boost during office hours. With someone to call on, personnel can fully utilize their skills and maximize their talents. Workers do not need to be worry of accidents that may happen, since a sense of security and protection is given to them, as a result they become more focused. Also, in return workers and personnel would work doubly harder to showcase their affection to the people who have helped them in work and their gratitude to the organization and their bosses. Another essential issue that arises from the proper managing of things is decision making. Making a sound decision is hard and when at one point an organization has arrived to a decision, it is always certain that not everyone would be pleased, there would always be contentions. Generally, there are no rules that would make a person a good decision –maker (Plous, 1993). There are always risks that are involved and often times these risks impose immense problems that lead to the downfall of what seems a fair decision at the beginning. There are, however things that can help a person in making decision. Information should first be gathered and accumulated about the issue at hand. Careful study and precautions must be done to properly weigh things. In making a decision it is important to first ask who will be affected once the decision is handed out. Then, we should also understand who will benefit and to whom the decision is detrimental. In making a decision, one should decide for the good of majority and sacrifice his own self interest. To be a good decision maker one needs to be self-less. It is a noble act, a supreme sacrifice. A situation that recently took place in my office is the grudge that happens between two of my colleagues. The conflict occurs because of a misunderstanding for the division of labor in the office. Due to the misunderstanding, a part of the job was left undone. When the deadline arrives and portion of their proposal was still incomplete, pressure started to build up and emotions run high. As a result, a dispute between them existed. For a period of one month or so they started not to talk with each other after their proposal was dumped. Since, both are my friends and I am the one who is being caught from their fight I decided to talk to them and invite them to be part of a project that was assigned to me. Although they were hesitant to work with each other, I convinced them telling they are the most trusted person I knew that could help me and the only person which fitted the job. Professional as they are, they put aside their differences, and worked as a real team. With me calling the shots, and making sure everything is carefully attended and no single detail taken for granted we finished an astonishing job with lots of time to spare. We can infer that by setting aside their argument and their pride for a better cause, and giving each other another chance to work a fine output is achieved. They decided to be selfless and put the organization on top of their priority. References Giddens, A. (2001). Sociology. Cambridge: Polity. Kahneman, D. (2000). Choice, Values, Frames. Cambridge: The Unviersity Press. Lauria, A. (1964). Respeto, Relajo and Inter-Personal Relations in Puerto Rico Anthropological Quarterly, Vol. 3 (No. 2). Plous, S. (1993). The Psychology of Judgement and Decision Making New York: McGraw-Hill. Virine, L. (2007). Management Concepts: Vienna.

Neuropsychologist and Patient Perspectives :: Tumors Cancer Neurology Medical Essays

Neuropsychologist and Patient Perspectives There are many classifications of tumors that compress or destroy the hypothalamus. A few forms are craniopharyngioma, germinoma, and glioma. Symptoms of craniopharyngioma include headaches, visual disturbances, pituitary hormone deficiencies, retardation of growth, and calcification of the sella region in children. Germinoma, also called ectopic pineoloma or atypical teratoma, has similar effects to serninoma of the testis or dysgerminoma of the ovary. Another destructive cancer is glioma of the hypothalamus. Hand-Schuller-Christian disease produces hypopituitarism with delayed puberty, growth retardation, and diabetes insipidus; this type of cancer occurs in children (Yen and Jaffe 1986). Since the hypothalamus regulates release of hormones through the pituitary gland, one of the most common effects of damage to the hypothalamus is disruption of hormone release or hormone deficiency. Some common types of hormone deficiencies are gonadotropin, thyroid stimulating, adrenocorticotopic, growth, multiple, and panhypopituitarism. Gonadotropin deficiency is characterized by low levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone. This deficiency can lead to decreased fertility, disrupted menstruation, decreased sex drive, headaches, sexual dysfunction, and loss of body hair. Typical treatment is hormone replacement therapy. Deficiency of thyroid stimulating hormone and subsequent lack of thyroid gland stimulation lead to a condition called hypothyroidism. Common symptoms include intolerance to cold, weight gain, constipation, fatigue, and pale, waxy skin. Before hormone replacement is used to stimulate the thyroid, it is typical to try treating the adrenal glands with steroids. Adrenocorticotopic hormone deficiency is the name for low levels of corticotropin (ACTH), a hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland to produce cortisol. Some signs of ACTH deficiency are low blood pressure, weakness, fatigue, weight loss, and in women nausea, pale skin, and loss of pubic hair. Daily doses of hydrocortisone or cortisone are used to correct this deficiency. Deficiency of growth hormone before physical maturity will impair growth, and in adults may be noticeable by obesity or skin wrinkling. Careful doses of growth hormone are administered to children with this condition and in adults may help restore the healthy muscle to fat ratio. Multiple hormone deficiency is more common than deficiency of a single hormone and usually loss occurs in a specific order: first growth, then luteinizing, follicle- stimulating, thyroid stimulating, and adrenocorticotopic. This process is typically slow and occurs over months and years, but hypopituitarism can start suddenly as in the case of traumatic brain injury. Panhypopituitarism is the loss of all hormones released by the pituitary, also called complete pituitary failure.

Burning a Nation’s Flag: Hate Crime

Burning a nation's flag: Hate Crime or Free Speech? A nation's flag is one of the most important things to a country. Citizens of a nation use it during special ceremonies, and a nation's flag is displayed all over that nation. A flag is an emblem shown as a symbol of unity. It symbolizes the pride and history of a nation. So what does burning a nation's flag mean? Is it considered a hate crime and illegal, or is it considered an act of free speech and protected by the First Amendment?For the purposes of this argument, a hate crime is defined as a crime motivated by racial, sexual, or other prejudice, typically one involving violence (What Are Hate Crimes? ). I believe that burning a nation's flag is not a hate crime due to the fact that burning a nation's flag falls under a category that is protected by the First Amendment. In a hate crime, the targeted group could be categorized by not just race or sexuality, but religion and political beliefs or group as well. By burning a nation' s flag, we could easily categorize it as targeting a political group.When a person burns a nation's flag, he/she could be targeting the general people of that nation, the government of that nation, or to be even more specific, the leaders of that government. . In this case, we will say that the political group referred to is the government(to be more specific, the American government). Therefore, by burning a nation's flag, someone disagrees and takes a stand against a political activity or decision. In contrast to what a hate crime is, an act of free speech, protected by the First Amendment, is the right to express any opinions without censorship or restraint.An act of free speech does not necessarily mean saying something out loud. It could also mean expressing your opinions about something by using actions. Since burning a nation's flag suggests taking a stand against a political activity, it is a way of expressing your opinion. Similar to free speech, freedom of expression which is part of the Human Rights Act says that you have the right to hold your own opinions and to express them freely without government interference (Equality and Human Rights Commission).The government cannot arrest you or punish you for burning a nation's flag as long as no one gets physically hurt. Just like in almost every country around the world, America has its own Flag Code. The Flag Code is a guide for all handling and display of the Stars and Stripes, but it does not impose penalties for misuse of the United States flag (US code 36). Each state has its own flag law, and penalty for misuse of the flag is up to the state. Criminal penalties for certain acts of vandalism of a flag were stated in Title 18 of the United States Code prior to 1989.The Supreme Court decision in Texas v. Johnson held the statute unconstitutional, though. In Texas v. Johnson, respondent Gregory Lee â€Å"Joey† Johnson was convicted of an act of disrespect of a venerated object, which violates a Texas statute. During the 1984 Republican National Convention, Johnson protested the policies of the Reagan administration and Dallas-based corporation. During the protest, Johnson burned the American flag. No one was physically hurt or injured, but some witnesses felt severely offended by this.However, due to the First Amendment, the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals decided that the State could not punish Johnson for burning the flag in these circumstances. In addition, the Texas statute states that it is only illegal to burn a nation's flag when the act would result in a serious disturbance of peace. However, the flag burning in this case did not threaten such a reaction (Texas v. Johnson. ). It is true that showing your anger towards the government can be expressed in other ways besides burning the nation's flag.One could protest, write a book, or write a blog to take a stand against a political action. However, no matter which of these actions you decide to do, you are still doi ng it to achieve the same goal: express your opinion and make a change in the government. Citation Page â€Å"Texas v. Johnson. †Ã‚  Cornell University Law School. 21 Mar. 1989. Online. 12 Feb. 2013. ;http://www. law. cornell. edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0491_0397_ZS. html;. â€Å"What Are Hate Crimes? †Ã‚  SikhNet. Online. 12 Feb. 2013. ;http://fateh. sikhnet. com/s/HateCrimeInfo;. â€Å"Article 485†Ã‚  New York Laws. Online. 12 Feb. 2013.

Fourth Amendment 4th Amendment - 1596 Words

The 4th amendment, search and seizure causes a lot of problems. Search and Seizure is the rights that police have when they enter in a home. The standard for conducting a warrantless search, probable cause, is the same standard necessary for a warrant to issue. An illegal search or illegal seizure is a violation of your Fourth Amendment rights, and any evidence seized must be excluded from trial. Normally police need a search warrant to enter into a home unless they get the consent to enter in the home without one they normally dont go go into a home without anything. A terry pat is when a police officer can detain or conduct a reasonable search for weapons where the officer has the reason to believe the person is armed. Auto stops is†¦show more content†¦Although commonly referred to as the â€Å"automobile exception,† this rule applies to any vehicle, including boats. While in some ways, it is quite a broad exception, this rule limits the ability to search those are as that might contain evidence of the type suspected to be present. In other words, if police suspect that the occupant of a boat is smuggling people across the border, searching a small tackle box on board would not be permissible. However, if they were looking for drugs, they could search the tackle box. The rationale is that, if an officer has to take the time to obtain a warrant, the vehicle might be out of reach before the warrant can be issued and executed. The rationale here is similar to the automobile exception. Evidence that can be easily moved, destroyed or otherwise made to disappear before a warrant can be issued may be seized without a warrant. Furthermore, if a suspect enters private property while being pursued by officers, no warrant is required to enter that property in order to continue pursuit, even if the suspect is in no way connected with the property owner. No warrant is required to seize evidence in plain view if the police are legitimately in the location f rom which the evidence can be viewed. For example, an officer cannot illegally enter a suspect’s backyard and then use the plain view exception to seize an illegally kept alligator living in the pool. But, if on the premises to serve a warrant duly issued to search for marijuanaShow MoreRelatedThe Dangers Of The 4th Amendment And The Fourth Amendment1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Fourth Amendment in the Bill of Rights ensures Americans the right to be secure in their homes from government intrusion. Essentially, an officer cannot enter the place of residence of an individual without probable cause or a search warrant. However, with the advances in technology, the government is able to use GPS technology to gain information on certain criminal prospects without probable cause. This is considered unlawful in regards to what the Fourth Amendment stands for. Even under theRead MoreThe First Amendment And Technology1681 Words   |  7 Pages 4th Amendment and Technology Zach Caulum CRMJ 240 Professor Bushong 9/26/2015 â€Æ' Introduction In the twenty-first century there have been many advances in technology which grant us view of more places than we used to be able to see. But with that where do the boundaries lie when using said technology. The history of the Fourth amendment helps to shape how we think about certain issues today, because some of the earlier cases serve as a precedent for the modern fourth amendment cases. ThereRead MoreImagine You Are On A Family Road Trip You Drive Through1403 Words   |  6 Pagesthe persons or things to be seized. (U.S. Constitution - Amendment 4 - The U.S. Constitution Online - USConstitution.net, 2017) The constitution, through the Fourth Amendment, protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. The Fourth Amendment, is not guarantee against all searches and seizures, only those are deemed unreasonable under the law. (What Does the Fourth Amendment Mean?, 2017) The Fourth Amendment requires that in order for any government official to searchRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment Of The United States Constitution1327 Words   |  6 PagesThe fourth amendment to the United States Constitution is part of the Bill of Rights, and was introduced to Congress by James Madison in 1789. The role of the Fourth Amendment is to prohibit unreasonable search and seizure and a warrant is to be required that is supported by probable cause. Even though the Amendment was introduced in 1789, it wasn’t adopted as an official amendment until 1792, because in December of 1791 three quarters of the states had ratified the amendment. The fourth amendmentRead MoreEssay about Unreasonable Searches By Police Are Illegal845 Words   |  4 Pagesthe right of privacy- it is important to them. It is ethical for police to have search warrants before searching a person’s personal belongings. There have been recent conflicts on police powers over the pass years. Police are disobeying the fourth amendment by searching illegally. Critics frown upon police, while supporters agree with the police. Being searched without a permit is unconstitutional, and police could take advantage of their power, and abuse it. It makes US citizens feel less secureRead MoreShould The Police Search The House Without A Warrant?1503 Words   |  7 Pagesthings to be seized.† (Fried Kerr, p. 1) The Bill of Rights gives citizens’ rights and freedoms and specifically, the Fourth Amendment protects them from illegal search and seizures. â€Å"The Fourth Amendment does not guarantee against all searches and seizures; only those are deemed unreasonable under the law.† (What Does the Fourth Amendment Mean?, 2017) The Fourth Amendment establishes that for any government official to search a person s home, bank, business, papers, or personal items, he mustRead MoreThe Fourth Amendment : Historical Conception, Key Elements, Legalities, And Violations1221 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract The Fourth Amendment has two basic premises. One focuses on the reasonableness of a search and seizure, and the other on warrants. One view is that the two are distinct, while another view is that the second helps explain the first. However, which interpretation is correct is unclear. In addition, law enforcement today differs sharply from the period in which the Constitution s framers lived. During that period, no organized police forces existed that were even remotely like those of todayRead MoreDrug Testing Of The United States1430 Words   |  6 PagesFirstly, the case involves a 4th Amendment of the constitution regarding the right to unreasonable search and seizures. Particularly, the case is about a Springfield University conducting random drug testing of the students because they have been getting various students cases, where a student was found to be involved abusing illegal controlled substances. The university conducted a survey to get knowledge from the students about a busing illegal substances such as marijuana, heroin, cocaine, methamphetamineRead MoreThe Trial No Search Warrant1049 Words   |  5 Pagesadmissible in criminal prosecution. On appeal, the Supreme Court of the United States reversed the judgment and remanded the case to the Court. â€Å"unlawful searches and seizure† â€Å"right to privacy† Issues: Is evidence obtained in violation of the fourth amendment, prohibiting â€Å"unreasonable searches and seizures† admissible as evidence in criminal procedures? Decision: Reversed. Evidence obtained through illegal searches and seizures are not admissible in a criminal prosecution. Reasoning: Justice TomRead MoreThe Bill Of Rights Of The United States Constitution1501 Words   |  7 Pagesa historical documents that has the first 10 amendments to the United States Constitution. The purpose of the Bill of Rights is for greater constitutional protection for our own individual liberties. It has a list of specific prohibitions on government power. There were only 12 amendments originally for the state legislatures and only picked 10 for all the states and those are known as the Bill of Rights, but there are 27 amendments in total. Amendments 3 through 12 were adopted by the United States